The analysis of financial statements is the process in which the company’s financial statements are reviewed and evaluated to understand the financial strength and enable the analyst to make effective decisions. Mainly, the companies’ financial statements are analyzed by the investors, creditors, company management, and the regulatory authorities. One of the standard tools used to analyze financial statements is the ratio analysis, which has been used in the current report.
In order to assess the company’s profitability, activity, and leverage, six ratios will be used and calculated to interpret the organization’s financial and operating performance.
Ratio Analysis
This section of the report involves the calculation, interpretation, and analysis of ratios to evaluate the financial and operational performance of the company. The ratio analysis is made on a comparative basis, either year on year comparison, ratio comparison with the competitor company, or the comparison with the average or benchmark of the industry. The six ratios that are calculated and used to analyze the performance from an investor’s perspective are appended below.
Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)
Return on Capital Employed is a profitability ratio, which compares the earnings and profit of the company based on the capital employed. The capital employed is the investment the company has made. Thus, the ROCE is also known as the return on investments. The return on the capital employed is calculated by dividing the earnings before interest and tax of the company of a year by the capital employed by the company of the same year. The capital employed includes the total equity and the liabilities for the long term of the business; in another way, the capital employed is calculated as total assets minus the company’s short-term liabilities.
Operating Profit Margin
The ratio indicates the percentage of the amount the company generates out of their revenue after deducting the day-to-day expenses. This ratio helps measure the operational effectiveness of the management of the business. The interpretation of operating profit margin varies from business to business or industry to industry. Such as the operating profit margin of the superstore will differ from the operating profit margin of the investment or real estate Company, as the nature of products and services differs.
Asset Turnover Ratio
The company acquires assets in order to do business, and a significant aim of business is to increase revenue. The asset turnover ratio measures the company’s ability to determine how much revenue the company generates from each unit of currency made as investments in assets. The asset turnover ratio helps identify the business’s asset utilization efficiency and effectiveness.
Gearing Ratio
The calculation of the gearing ratio helps identify the characteristic of the company’s capital structure. The gearing ratio is a wide-ranging term used to denote the ratios that are to check the relationship between the firm’s equities and liabilities. There is a different form of gearing ratio available such as Non-current liabilities to equity, Long-term liability to Assets, and Total liability to equity. When comparing two companies or year-to-year comparisons, it is essential to ensure that the same form of gearing ratio is calculated to have accurate judgments. To clarify, the gearing ratio measures the level of debt in a capital structure in contrast to the level of equity of the company. The gearing of the company’s ratio tells the proportion of debts and equities in the company’s capital structure.
Interest Coverage Ratio
The interest coverage ratio is the more relevant for the creditors. The analysis of this ratio determines the capability of the company to pay off its interest expenses for the period. The interest coverage ratio is calculated by dividing the EBIT of the year with the interest charges of the same year, extracted from the company’s statement of profit and loss. This ratio explains to what extent the business can cover their interest payments from their earnings. The interest coverage ratio of less than 1 determines that the company’s EBIT is less than its interest payment. Thus, the company is unable to pay its fixed interest expenses: the higher the interest coverage ratio, the stronger position of the company in the eyes of an investor.
P/E Ratio (Price per Earning Ratio)
The P/E ratio of business is in relation to the company’s sharemarket performance with the comparison of a company’s business performance. This ratio links the association between the price of share and earnings per share in terms of how much it will take to protect the monetary value of a share. The P/E ratio has varying interpretations, such as the decreased P/E ratio implies the decreased market price of the share at the same time it can also imply an increase in earnings per share. Moreover, the higher the P/E ratio indicates the higher growth opportunity for the business in the future.
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